Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers and Explanations (100 Questions) for BSN, GNM, ANM, Staff Nurse & NCLEX
Part 1: Fundamental of Nursing MCQs (1–50)
Preparing for BSN, GNM, ANM, Staff Nurse, Nursing Officer, NCLEX-RN, NCLEX-PN, PNC, DHA, Prometric, or other nursing exams? This Nursing MCQ practice set is designed to help nursing students and professionals strengthen their knowledge through important multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. These MCQs cover key nursing subjects including Fundamentals of Nursing, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Pharmacology, Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, Obstetric Nursing, Anatomy & Physiology, and Mental Health Nursing. Whether you are preparing for nursing school exams, competitive nursing tests, licensing exams, or staff nurse recruitment exams, these practice questions will help improve your concepts, critical thinking, and exam performance.
1. What is the normal body temperature in an adult?
A. 35°C
B. 37°C
C. 39°C
D. 40°C
Show Answer
Explanation: The average normal body temperature in adults is approximately 37°C (98.6°F), although slight variations may occur.
2. Which pulse site is commonly used during CPR?
A. Radial
B. Brachial
C. Carotid
D. Temporal
Show Answer
Explanation: The carotid artery is the preferred pulse site in adults during CPR because it is a major central artery.
3. The normal adult pulse rate is:
A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–120 bpm
D. 120–140 bpm
Show Answer
Explanation: A healthy adult typically has a resting pulse rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
4. The normal respiratory rate in adults is:
A. 8–12/min
B. 12–20/min
C. 20–30/min
D. 30–40/min
Show Answer
Explanation: Normal adult respiratory rate ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
5. Which position is used for examining the rectum?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. Sims' Position
D. Fowler's Position
Show Answer
Explanation: Sims' position provides better access to the rectal area for examination and procedures.
6. Hand washing is the most effective method to prevent:
A. Fractures
B. Infection
C. Anemia
D. Dehydration
Show Answer
Explanation: Proper hand hygiene is the most important measure for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
7. Which is the largest organ of the body?
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Skin
D. Lung
Show Answer
Explanation: The skin is the largest organ and serves as a protective barrier for the body.
8. The first step in the nursing process is:
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Evaluation
D. Implementation
Show Answer
Explanation: Assessment is the first step of ADPIE and involves collecting patient information.
9. Blood pressure is measured using:
A. Thermometer
B. Stethoscope only
C. Sphygmomanometer
D. Otoscope
Show Answer
Explanation: A sphygmomanometer is the standard instrument used to measure blood pressure.
10. Normal blood pressure in adults is approximately:
A. 90/60 mmHg
B. 120/80 mmHg
C. 140/100 mmHg
D. 160/110 mmHg
Show Answer
Explanation: A blood pressure around 120/80 mmHg is generally considered normal for healthy adults.
11. The abbreviation "PRN" means:
A. Daily
B. Before meals
C. As needed
D. Twice daily
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Explanation: PRN (pro re nata) means the medication is given only when needed.
12. The abbreviation "NPO" means:
A. No oral intake
B. No pain observed
C. New patient order
D. Night procedure only
Show Answer
Explanation: NPO means nothing by mouth and is used before surgery or procedures.
13. Which route of medication administration is the fastest?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intramuscular
D. Intravenous
Show Answer
Explanation: IV medications enter the bloodstream directly, producing the fastest effect.
14. The normal oxygen saturation is:
A. 70–80%
B. 80–90%
C. 95–100%
D. 60–70%
Show Answer
Explanation: Healthy individuals usually have oxygen saturation between 95% and 100%.
15. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Show Answer
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the production of clotting factors.
16. The medical term for high blood pressure is:
A. Hypotension
B. Hypertension
C. Hypoxia
D. Hyperglycemia
Show Answer
Explanation: Hypertension refers to persistently elevated blood pressure.
17. Which chamber pumps blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
Show Answer
Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation.
18. The universal donor blood group is:
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O Negative
Show Answer
Explanation: O negative blood can generally be given to patients of any blood group.
19. The universal recipient blood group is:
A. O
B. A
C. AB Positive
D. B
Show Answer
Explanation: AB positive individuals can receive blood from all ABO and Rh groups.
20. A fever is known as:
A. Hypothermia
B. Pyrexia
C. Dyspnea
D. Bradycardia
Show Answer
Explanation: Pyrexia is the medical term for fever or elevated body temperature.
21. Difficulty breathing is called:
A. Dysuria
B. Dyspnea
C. Dysphagia
D. Diplopia
Show Answer
Explanation: Dyspnea is the medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
22. Painful urination is:
A. Dysuria
B. Hematuria
C. Polyuria
D. Oliguria
Show Answer
Explanation: Dysuria refers to pain or discomfort while passing urine.
23. Which needle is commonly used for intramuscular injections?
A. 16–18 G
B. 21–23 G
C. 25–27 G
D. 30 G
Show Answer
Explanation: A 21–23 gauge needle is commonly used for adult IM injections.
24. Glasgow Coma Scale assesses:
A. Nutrition
B. Pain
C. Level of consciousness
D. Respiration
Show Answer
Explanation: GCS evaluates eye, verbal, and motor responses.
25. The normal urine output in adults is:
A. 100–200 mL/day
B. 500–1500 mL/day
C. 2000–3000 mL/day
D. 4000 mL/day
Show Answer
Explanation: Average urine output in healthy adults is around 800–2000 mL/day.
26. Bradycardia means:
A. Fast pulse
B. Slow pulse
C. Fast breathing
D. Slow breathing
Show Answer
Explanation: Bradycardia is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute in adults.
27. Tachycardia means:
A. Slow pulse
B. Fast pulse
C. Irregular pulse
D. Weak pulse
Show Answer
Explanation: Tachycardia refers to a heart rate above 100 beats per minute.
28. Which position helps breathing difficulties?
A. Trendelenburg
B. Sims'
C. Fowler's
D. Lithotomy
Show Answer
Explanation: Fowler's position improves lung expansion and breathing.
29. The normal pH of blood is:
A. 6.5–7.0
B. 7.35–7.45
C. 7.8–8.5
D. 5.5–6.5
Show Answer
Explanation: Normal blood pH is tightly maintained within this range.
30. Which electrolyte is mainly responsible for cardiac rhythm?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Show Answer
Explanation: Potassium plays a major role in maintaining normal cardiac electrical activity.
31. Sterilization destroys:
A. Some microorganisms
B. Only bacteria
C. All microorganisms
D. Only viruses
Show Answer
Explanation: Sterilization eliminates all forms of microbial life including spores.
32. The normal newborn heart rate is:
A. 40–60/min
B. 60–80/min
C. 120–160/min
D. 180–200/min
Show Answer
Explanation: Newborns normally have a higher heart rate than adults.
33. Which injection is given into fatty tissue?
A. IV
B. IM
C. SC (Subcutaneous)
D. ID
Show Answer
Explanation: Subcutaneous injections are administered into the fatty tissue beneath the skin.
34. Intradermal injections are commonly used for:
A. Vaccination
B. TB test
C. Blood transfusion
D. IV therapy
Show Answer
Explanation: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is given intradermally.
35. Which instrument measures body temperature?
A. Otoscope
B. Thermometer
C. Endoscope
D. ECG
Show Answer
Explanation: A thermometer is used to measure body temperature.
36. The abbreviation BID means:
A. Once daily
B. Twice daily
C. Three times daily
D. Four times daily
Show Answer
Explanation: BID comes from Latin and means two times a day.
37. The abbreviation TID means:
A. Once daily
B. Twice daily
C. Three times daily
D. Four times daily
Show Answer
Explanation: TID means a medication should be taken three times daily.
38. The abbreviation QID means:
A. Four times daily
B. Three times daily
C. Twice daily
D. Once daily
Show Answer
Explanation: QID indicates medication administration four times per day.
39. A patient unable to swallow should receive medication by:
A. Oral route
B. Alternative route as prescribed
C. Sublingual only
D. None
Show Answer
Explanation: The route should be changed according to the physician's order and patient condition.
40. Cyanosis indicates:
A. Increased oxygen
B. Poor oxygenation
C. Fever
D. Dehydration
Show Answer
Explanation: Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration caused by inadequate oxygen in the blood.
41. The best site for pulse assessment in infants is:
A. Radial
B. Temporal
C. Apical
D. Femoral
Show Answer
Explanation: The apical pulse provides the most accurate heart rate in infants.
42. The normal fasting blood glucose level is:
A. 20–50 mg/dL
B. 70–99 mg/dL
C. 150–200 mg/dL
D. 250–300 mg/dL
Show Answer
Explanation: Normal fasting blood sugar is generally below 100 mg/dL.
43. Which nutrient is the body's main energy source?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Minerals
Show Answer
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body.
44. The first heart sound (S1) is produced by closure of:
A. Aortic valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral and Tricuspid valves
D. None
Show Answer
Explanation: Closure of the atrioventricular valves produces the S1 heart sound.
45. The pulse deficit is the difference between:
A. Apical and radial pulse
B. Temperature and pulse
C. BP and pulse
D. Respiratory rate and pulse
Show Answer
Explanation: Pulse deficit occurs when the apical pulse exceeds the radial pulse.
46. Anuria means urine output less than:
A. 50 mL/day
B. 500 mL/day
C. 1000 mL/day
D. 1500 mL/day
Show Answer
Explanation: Anuria refers to extremely low or absent urine production.
47. Which solution is commonly used for hand hygiene?
A. Saline
B. Alcohol-based hand rub
C. Distilled water
D. Glucose water
Show Answer
Explanation: Alcohol-based hand rubs effectively reduce microorganisms on the hands.
48. The normal adult body mass index (BMI) is:
A. <18.5
B. 18.5–24.9
C. 25–29.9
D. >30
Show Answer
Explanation: A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal weight.
49. The final step of the nursing process is:
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Evaluation
D. Diagnosis
Show Answer
Explanation: Evaluation determines whether patient goals have been achieved.
50. The nurse's primary responsibility is:
A. Prescribing drugs
B. Diagnosing disease
C. Providing safe patient care
D. Performing surgery
Show Answer
Explanation: The nurse's foremost duty is to provide safe, effective, and compassionate patient care.
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